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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． Lexical word

【答案】 Lexical word, lexical words are also called content words, referring to those which have lexical meanings, that is, those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives , and adverbs.

2． Language acquisition

【答案】 It refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situations.

3． Pidgins and Creoles

【答案】 A pidgin refers to a variety of a language that is not native language of anyone, but is learned on contact situations such as trading. When a pidgin develops beyond its role as a trade language and becomes the first language of a social community , it becomes a creole. The process by which a pidgin becomes a creole is called creolization.

4． Construal and construal operations

【答案】Construal is the competence to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point, figure-ground segregation etc. Construal operations are conceptualizing processes applied in language process by human beings. That is, construal operations are the underlying psychological processes and resources employed in the interpretation of linguistic expressions.

5． Back-formation

【答案】 Back formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example , the word “television” appeared before “televise”，and so does “editor” to “edit”.

二、Fill-in-the-blanks

6． Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an_____affix from a longer form already in the language.

【答案】imagined

【解析】逆构词法是一种不规则的构词类型，即把一个语言中已经存在的较长单词删去想象中的词缀，由此造出一个较短的单词。

7． Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.

【答案】social

【解析】语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。

8． Psycholinguistics is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological_____ of linguistic structures.

【答案】Reality

【解析】心理语言学研究语言与意识之间的联系，实质就是心理活动与语言结构之间的关系。

9． The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called_____. It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.

【答案】Stylistics

【解析】文体学作为语言学的分支，主要研宄文学文体中语言的特征，并试图建立一些规则，以解释个体和社 团在语言使用过程中的特殊选择。

10．_____is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.

【答案】Grammar-translation Method

【解析】语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活动的方法.

11．_____mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description , classification and transcription.

【答案】Phonetics

【解析】语音学研究语音，以及语音的描写和分类。

三、True-or-false

12．Speech act theory was proposed by G. Leech.（ ）

【答案】F

【解析】言语行为理论是由奥斯丁提出的。

13．CAL especially refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language.（ ）

【答案】F

【解析】CALL 特别是指将计算机运用到第二语言或外语的教学中去，不是CAL 。

14．According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis , speaker's perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.（ ）

【答案】F

【解析】根据萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说的强势版本，语言决定了说话者的感知能力和生活模式，而非

说话者的感知 能力决定了语言和生活模式。

15．As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context , pragmatics can also be considered as a kind of meaning study.（ ）

【答案】T

【解析】语用学是研宄语言在某种语境下所传达的意义，也是研宄语言意义的。