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北京师范大学

2004硕士研究生入学考试

翻译理论与实践

1 translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese 当某种语言的使用者听到某个词时，他能了解该词的含义，因为在交流的过程中他使用了大量的知识储备，有意识的和无意识的。对他所使用语言的语音，句法和语义的掌握使他能够将所听到的声音转化为不连续的语音单位，能够辨析所听到的词，在听到新句子时了解它的结构特征和意义。如果没有这些内在的知识和语法，他不可能懂得这些字词句。然而我们总认为音位和语法结构与含义是这些语音的特征。但我们必须记住，仅在特定语法规则下，才能这么说。在另外一种语法规则下，我们听到的字词句会有不同的特征（根据另外一种语言的语法，它们将是无意义的）。有必要说一下，谈到句子结构时，我们指的是赋予它这种结构的内在语法规则。 我们还常常把语义和结构当成文学作品的特征，从下面这个角度来看，我们这么做是完全正确的：当一系列词语被当作文学作品时，它的确含有这些特征。但这一限定条件强调的是语言类比的相关性与重要性。作品之所以有结构与意义是因为我们用特定的方法进行解读，是因为在阅读过程中所使用的语段理论将这些潜在的特征具体化了。Barthes曾说：“如果没有一种方法模式的帮助，我们如何能发现结构的存在呢？”阅读文学文本不是让人满脑子空白，不带任何想法地去读；我们必须对文学文本有一个内在的了解，这种了解能告诉我们从文本中能找到什么。

2 translate the following four paragraphs into English Diary of the mad man

Tonight there is no moon at all, I know that this is a bad omen. This morning when I went out cautiously, Mr. Zhao had a strange look in his eyes, as if he were afraid of me, as if he wanted to murder me. There were seven or

eight others who discussed me in a whisper. And they were afraid of my seeing them. so, indeed, were all the people I passed. The fiercest among them grinned at me; whereupon I shivered from head to foot, knowing that their preparations were complete.

I was not afraid, however, but continued on my way. A group of children in front were also discussing me, and