2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研核心题库
● 摘要
一、Fill-in-the-blanks
1. IC analysis emphasizes the _____ structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groups first.
【答案】Hierarchical
【解析】直接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。它指先把句子分析为直接成分一一词组(或短语),再把这些 直接成分依次切分,得到各自的直接成分,层层切分,直到最终成分为止。
2. An approach in linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is_____.
【答案】Prescriptive
【解析】规定式的语言学目的在于为正确使用语言定下各种规则。
3. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is_____and parole. The former is the French word for “language ”, which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking, listening, writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.
【答案】langue
【解析】索绪尔用语言和言语来区分说话者的语言能力和言语上(表达的)的实际表现或语料。
4. A_____foot contains two syllables. A stressed syllable comes first, following by an unstressed syllable.
【答案】trochee
【解析】抑抑格音步即重轻格或长短格,其由一重读音节后跟一个轻读音节构成。
5. A _____ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “ and”, “but ”, “ or” .
【答案】coordinate
【解析】并列从句是指一个句子由两个分句组成,这两个分句通常是由如but , and, or 这些并列连词来连接的。
二、同义词True-or-False
6. All normal children have equal ability in learning their first language.( )
【答案】T
【解析】乔姆斯基的语言习得机制解释了这一点。
7. The words “boys ” and “raise ” have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well.( )
【答案】F
【解析】有共同的音位,但音位/z/在前者中表示复数,而在后者中没有任何意义。
8. Metonymy involves using the familiar to stand for the unfamiliar.( )
【答案】T
【解析】转喻是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法。
9. Auditory phonetics studies how sounds are perceived by the speaker.( )
【答案】F
【解析】它是研究声音怎样被听者接收的。
10.Three types of knowledge are needed so that MT systems can be improved: semantics, pragmatics and common sense.( )
【答案】T
【解析】需要三种知识来改进机器翻译系统:①不依赖语境的语言学知识,即语义学;②依赖语
境的语言学 知识,有时称为语用知识,即语用学;③常识/真实世界的知识,即非语言学知识。
一、Fill-in-the-blanks
1. _____ =PARANT (x , y ) &MALE (x )
【答案】farther=PARANT (x ,y ) &MALE (x )
【解析】同时满足“父母亲”和“男性”的条件的只能是“父亲”。
2. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is_____ and performance.
【答案】Competence
【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识,语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。
3. A word formed by derivation is called a_____, and a word formed by compounding is called a_____.
【答案】derivative ; compound
【解析】词汇的变化方式主要有复合和派生两种。派生而成的词叫派生词,复合而成的词叫合成词。
4. Coordination and subordination belong to _____ construction.
【答案】endocentric
【解析】向心结构包含一个作为整体结构的中心或核心的成分,该中心或核心可以在最后,也可以在开头。从 结构上可以划分为两类:主从结构和并列结构。
5. There are three principles of language testing:_____,_____and_____.
【答案】V alidity ; reliability; practicality
【解析】语言测试的三个原则:效度原则,信度原则及实用性原则。
二、同义词True-or-False
6. The initial consonants are identical in alliteration.( )
【答案】T
【解析】在压头韵里,句首的辅音是一致的。
7. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )
【答案】F
【解析】历史语言学相当于历时研究。