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科目代码：314 请在答题纸（本）上做题！在此试卷及草稿纸上做题无效！ 山东科技大学2004年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试

基础英语（含阅读与写作）试卷

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1.Define the Following Terms. Give an Example for Each(15) 1. Apostrophe 2. Oxymoron 3. Hyperbole 4. Antithesis 5. Zeugma

II. Proofreading and Error Correction (15)

The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank

provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the

Word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash“/”and put the word in the

Blank provided at the end of the line.

Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 per cent since 1950. The domestic 1、 smoking control program has been particularly 2、 Important in achieving this result. London and other

Major cities are no longer have the dense smoke-laden 3、 “smogs ” of the 1950s but in central London winter 4、

Sunshine has increased about 70 per cent since 1958. 5、 Since 1990, daily air pollution data from the British

Monitoring network has been made appropriate to the 6、

Public by the Department of the Environment’s Air Quality Bulletins. These give the concentrations of three Main pollutant-ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur

Dioxide- and grade air quality on a scale between “very

Weak ” and “very good”. The information features in 7、 Television and radio weather reports, appears in many 8、

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National and local newspapers. Therefore, the data are 9、 available on a special free telephone number and on

videotext systems.

A comprehensive review of the issue of urban air quality was published in January 1992. Three

independent committees of which experts have been 10、established to advise on different aspects of the problem, and will set guidelines And targets for air quality. The network is also being extended and upgraded at A cost of &10 million. III ． Reading Comprehension (30)

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In June 1997 a great financial crisis burst out in Thailand. It is because Thailand has poured nearly 30 per cent of its total loans into real estate market since 1992 and most of the loans have failed to be taken by now. It is not strange that investments in real estates are considered to be full of risks.

But what on earth is risk? In Longman dictionary “ risk” is defined as a danger or something that may have a bad result. But this definition is not comprehensive. Risk at least includes two sides-danger and safety. In fact the nature of risk is the degree of safety and security. The lower the degree is , the more dangerous it is. If one opens the dictionary, one can easily find many words that express the similar idea of risk, e.g. Danger, hazard, and crisis. All these words show different levels of safety under different circurnstances.

Risks exist everywhere. When one goes to the market, for example, he will have to take care whether the food is fresh or not. Here exists a risk. Risk are an unavoidable part of life. They stem from rare events such as earthquakes and fires or form slowly accumulating effects of exposure to hazardous conditions and probably cause loss of property, even loss of life.

Facing risks, human beings are not at a loss what to do. Many ways have been found out to reduce risk to a tolerable level. In the past, people suffered a lot from sudden attacks of typhoon. Now a modern warning system has been established to warn people before a typhoon comes. Public awareness of hazards and appropriate response contribute to reduction of loss. But accompanied with risks, there usually are special profits. The more risky it is ,the more profits it may bring, especially in financial fields in which businesses largely depend on credits. The less risky it is, the less benefit it may produce, which in some way still means loss. Then a problem occurs. That is how to obtain benefits to maximum with the minimum of risk and how to reach the balance between risk and benefit. People usually call it risk-management.

Observing laws may help investors to gain the protection of the government which is the most powerful and dependable guarantee. But as no key can open every lock, codes can only deal with specific

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