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电子科技大学

2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：846英语语言学基础知识及运用

注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

I. Define the following terms with examples if necessary (30 points, 5 points each):

1. cooperative principle

2. psycholinguistics

3. conceptual meaning

4. textual function

5. stem

6. arbitrariness

II. Make a judgment and an evaluation of the following with your own reasons (20 points, 4 points

each):

1. By duality of language is meant the property of having two levels of structures; we call sounds

secondary units as opposed to such primary units as words, since the secondary units are meaningless and the primary units have distinct and identifiable meaning.

2. All human languages are complicated systems of communication.

3. Functionalists see language as knowledge from the intro-organic angle, whereas formalists see

language as behaviour from the inter-organic angle.

4. In the antonymous pairs, husband —wife and male —female are different because the first pair is

complementary and the second converse.

5. One ’s dialect refers to the language variety according to user whereas one ’s register refers to the

language variety according to use because one ’s dialect shows who (or what) you are and one ’s register shows what you are doing.

III. Briefly answer the following questions (45 points; 9 points each):

1. Please briefly explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

2. Can you notice the parallel relation between the two pairs of terms “phoneme —allophone ” and

“morpheme —allomorph ” ? And please explain with examples the differences between “phoneme ” and “allophone ”, “morpheme ” and “allomorph ”.

3. Though the surface structures of the following two sentences are the same, they mean differently,

why?

1) John is eager to please. 2) John is easy to please.

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