（）has been one of the dominant theme in the development of logistics management. This development began 40 years ago at a local level. Today, many businesses are making efforts to integrate global networks, comprise several tiers of supplier and distributor, and the use of different transport modes and carriers. Integration。 Business reengineering。 Supply chain management。 ERP。
The advantages of （） include better accuracy, customer service, precise control of transportation and data analysis capabilities to anyone capable of using the virtual database. GPS。 Information system。 Virtual warehousing。 Communication system。
（）act as a bridge or facilitator between supplier and buyer. Reverse logistics。 Third part logistics。 Global logistics。 External logistics。
（） is the acquisition of material and services from other companies. Procurement。 Retailing。 Wholesaling。 Outsourcing。
（） are activities that manage the space needed to hold the inventories. Stacking。 Warehousing and storage。 Dispatching。 Goods delivering。
Packaging performs 2 basics functions---marketing and （）.
