2018年武汉科技大学外国语学院620外国语专业综合之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题
● 摘要
一、Multiple-Choice
1. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?( )
A.Acoustic phonetics
B.Articulatory phonetics.
C.Auditory phonetics
D.Neither of them.
【答案】B
【解析】发音语言学研究语音的发生。
2. ( )is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.
A.Competence
B.Performance
C.Learning
D.Acquisition
【答案】C
【解析】在学校里我们会学到第二语言,对第二语言知识的这种有意识的积累,叫做“学习”。
3. ( )is the study of psychological aspect of language.
A.language acquisition
B.applied linguistics
C.psycholinguistics
D.pragmatics
【答案】A
【解析】语言习得是从心理学的角度来研究语言,主要研究儿童不自觉地自然地掌握母语的过程。
4. According to the componential analysis, the words “boy ” and “man ” differ in the feature of( ).
A.HUMAN
B.ANIMATE
C.MALE
D.ADULT
【答案】D
【解析】男孩和男人的主要区别是男孩是孩子,男人是成人。他们都是“人,有生命的,男性”。因此,本题的正确答案为D 。
5. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about( ).
A.language and culture
B.language and society
C.language acquisition
D.language and thought
【答案】D
【解析】著名的SWH (萨皮尔-沃尔夫假说)是关于语言与思维之间的关系的假说,其基本观点是:语言从某 种程度上决定思维,不同的语言能以不同方式表达其使用者独特的世界观。因此,本题的正确答案为D 。
6. Words can be grouped together into a relatively small number of classes called syntactic categories , which reflects many factors including the type of( ).
A.meaning that words express
B.affixes that the words take
C.structures in which the words can occur
D.All of the above
【答案】D
【解析】单词可以被组成数量相对较小的类别,称为句法范畴,这种分类反映出各种不同的因素,包括:单词 所表达的意义的类别,它们所带词缀的类别,以及它们所能出现的结构的类别。A 、B 、C 选项内容均正确。 因此,本题的正确答案为D 。
7. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.( ) 【答案】C
【解析】/s/在中位于清辅音前,所以被轻音化。
8. Which of the following is the specific instance of directives?( )
A.Swearing.
B.Suggesting.
C.Undertaking.
D.Apologizing.
【答案】B
【解析】指令类是言者让听者做某事的企图。邀请inviting ,建议suggesting ,要求requesting ,忠告advising ,警告warning ,烕胁threatening ,命令ordering 都是其例。只有B 符合题意。因此,本题的正确答案为B 。
9. Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?( )
A.the maxim of quantity
B.the maxim of quality
C.the maxim of manner
D.the maxim of strength
【答案】D
【解析】格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则,它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
10.Which of the following is the correct description of
A.voiceless labiodental fricative
B.voiced labiodental fricative
C.voiceless labiodental stop
D.voiced labiodental stop
【答案】B ? ( )
【解析】是唇齿音,擦音,浊辅音。
11.Generally speaking, the( )specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin
in the structure.
A.Slot
B.Class
C.Role
D.Cohesion
【答案】A
【解析】派克认为,语言的三种等级系统中的每一个层次都具有轨位、类别、作用和接应这四个特点的语言单 位。轨位决定了法位在结构中是处于核心还是边缘位置。
12.In a broad sentence, culture includes( ).
A. patterns of belief
B.customs , objects and institutions
C.techniques and language
D.all the above
【答案】D
【解析】文化,从广义上来说,是指一个民族的整体生活方式,包括信仰、习俗、物质、体制、技能、语言、 价值观等。因此,本题的正确答案为D 。
13.The study of language at one point in time is astudy.( )
A.historical
B.synchronic
C.descriptive
D.diachronic
【答案】B
【解析】在某一时间点上对语言的描写是一种共时研究。