2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题
● 摘要
目录
2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（一） ... 2
2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（二） ... 4
2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（三） ... 6
2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（四） ... 8 2018年大连外国语大学法语系664法语语言理论之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（五） . 10
一、Fill-in-the-blanks
1． One of the important distinctions in linguistics is_____and parole. The former is the French word for “language ”， which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking, listening, writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.
【答案】langue
【解析】索绪尔用语言和言语来区分说话者的语言能力和言语上（表达的）的实际表现或语料。
2． A_____is a mixed and limited language used for some practical purposes by groups of people who do not know each other’s languages.
【答案】pidgn
【解析】“洋泾浜”语的定义
3． A word formed by derivation is called a_____, and a word formed by compounding is called a_____.
【答案】derivative ; compound
【解析】词汇的变化方式主要有复合和派生两种。派生而成的词叫派生词，复合而成的词叫合成词。
4． Terms like “rolling pin” and “ladle ” are_____ of the term “kitchen implements”.
【答案】hyponyms
【解析】“擀面杖”和“勺子”都属于“厨房用具”的下义词。
5． Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present （in time andspace） at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as_____.
【答案】Displacement
【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。
二、同义词True-or-False
6． The utterance meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered. （ ）
【答案】T
【解析】话语意义随着话语情境的变化而不同。
7． Invention is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】是Blending 。
8． MT may commit those errors that no human translators would commit, such as wrong pronouns , wrong prepositions, garbled syntax, incorrect choice of terms, plurals instead of singulars. （ ）
【答案】T
【解析】人们仍然能发现，有些错误是人工翻译不会出现的。例如，代词误用、介词误用、句法
混乱、措辞不 当、单数用成复数、时态错误等。
9． According to the innateness hypothesis, infants are bom able to speak a language.
【答案】F
【解析】乔姆斯基的天赋假设是说，儿童与生倶来拥有一种语言学习的能力，叫做“语言习得机制”。
即儿童 天生拥有语法关系及语法范畴的知识，而不是说孩子天生就会说话。
10．Functional grammar is an approach to linguistics that goes in through meaning.
【答案】F
【解析】功能语法的基础是语言系统及其成分由它们所提供的作用和功能所决定，而非其意义。
一、Fill-in-the-blanks
1． A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a _____ clause.
【答案】finite
【解析】限定性从句通常有一个主语和一个限定性动词，且在结构上是独立的。
2． Taboo and_____are two faces of the same communication coin.
【答案】euphemism
【解析】禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。委
婉语是用一词代替 比较唐突的令人不快的另一词的表达方法。他们是同一交流过程的两个方面。
3． Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _____ it is associated with.
【答案】Meaning
【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
4． An_____is pronounced letter by letter, while an_____is pronounced as a word.
【答案】initialism ; acronym
【解析】首字母缩写和缩略词的区别在于，前者是一个一个字母读，后者是按单词读。
5． _____ sentences express judgment.
【答案】Declarative
【解析】宣告性句子表达一种判断。
二、同义词True-or-False
6． According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis , speaker's perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】根据萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说的强势版本，语言决定了说话者的感知能力和生活模式，而非
说话者的感知 能力决定了语言和生活模式。
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