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二 O 一二年招收硕士研究生入学考试试题 考试科目及代码： 适用专业： 专业综合（620） 外国语言文学 分。 答题内容写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效。考完后试题随答题纸交回。 考试时间 3 小时，总分值 150 (本试卷由 A, B 两部分构成) 准考证号码： Part A: Basic English I. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. (24X1’=24 points) 1. The Victorian genteel behavior code bore no relationship to the ______ business medium in which young people were expected to battle for success. A. precipitating B. obsolescent C. bustling D. illicit 2. The Depression forced the _____ who indulged themselves in sprees to sober up and face the problems of the new age. A. amour B. revelers C. fracas D. strife 3. Now in many people’s mind, the United States is quite a _______ country that often threatens to wage war against other countries which has brought instability to the world. A. strenuous B. belligerent C. contingent D. oblique 4. On park benches, sit older people, mostly white, looking ______. It seems that they have nowhere to go. A. misplaced B. underplaced C. displaced D. unplaced 5. Why did they design and build up such ugly houses? Their motives were rather _______ to any normal mind. A. dogmatic B. enigmatic C. malarious D. unfathomable 6. Bewildered, they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools, the old harsh discipline having _________ and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach. A. banished B. abolished C. vanished D. garnished 第 1 页 共 3 页 姓名： 报考学科、专业： 密 封 线 内 不 要 写 题

7. No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a ______ from prevailing American trends a place to escape Common Denominator Land. A. holdout B. holdback C. holdup D. holdover 8. It isn't much, but it is the fleeting hospitality of New Yorkers, each ________ of his privacy in the crowd. A. envious B. jealous C. marvelous D. credulous 9. New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragging was “bush”. Being unique, the biggest and the best, New York didn’t have to ________ how special it was. A. insert B. dessert C. desert D. assert 10. The development of science and technology has made people feel _______ from their work. A. indicative B. devoid C. alienated D. obsessed 11. It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle class to mere A. advent C. inadvertence 12. The A. etymology C. ecology A. precariously C. precautiously 14. Work was not only a useful A. act C. activeness B. action D. activity . , or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers. B. adventure D. inadequacy of this libido for the ugly deserves a great deal more study than it has got. B. etiology D. economy , i.e., unsteadily. B. cautiously D. caringly , but one which carried with it a profound satisfaction. 13. They lean this way and that, hanging on to their bases 15. The first centuries of the modern era find the meaning of work divided into that of duty among the middle class and that of forced labor among those without A. puberty C. property B. probity D. probation 16. Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of 第 2 页 共 3 页

how the_______of the individual worker can be increased. A. production C. products A. individuality C. personality 18. The behavior. A. boozing B. booming C. bruise D. broom 19. Yesterday Once More is such a _______ song that whenever I hear it, I will recollect the old days. A. perspective B. provincial C. catalytic D. nostalgic 20. A natural or artificial lake that is used for storing water before it is supplied to cities or other areas is called _______. A. reservoir B. brigade C. racket D. packet 21. They still look thin, even when they have the most ______ food to eat. A. nudging B. impoverishing C. nourishing D. bickering 22. She was bright and _______ in persuading others into accepting her ideas. A. anomalous B. sloppy C. shiftless D. articulate 23. Boredom is a _______ in that it may lead people to frustration and even to crime when people find nothing meaningful to do. A. menace B. apathy C. myopic D. booze 24. To buy top-brand goods is just to satisfy and flatter some people who are ________. In my opinion, it is sheer vanity that works. A. scrounging B. frivolous C. grim D. inept II. Paraphrase the following sentences. (7X3’=21 points) 1. They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top it. 第 3 页 共 3 页 B. productivity D. produce develops. B. individualism D. personification of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate 17. The more his work develops, the more his impersonality, and its large-scale aggressiveness, no longer left any room of the code of polite

2. It reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. 3. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged people. 4. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. 5. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation. 6. At heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them. 7. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. III. Identify the figure of speech used in each of the following sentences. (10X1’= 10 points) 1. The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. 2. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic. 3. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. 4. He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. 5. …and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences. 6. Scattered among notations about the weather and the tedious mining-camp meals lies an entry noting a story he had heard that day. 7. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 8. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. 9. The doctor cut me open yesterday. 10. Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat.” IV. Read the following passage and make a summary of it with around 100 words. (1X20’= 20 points) Let children learn to judge their won work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught – to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle – compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or 第 4 页 共 3 页

correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it. Part B: Linguistics V. Translate the following linguistic terms into Chinese, and vice versa. (15*1’=15 points) 1. EFL 2. grammatical category 3. jargon 4. variety 5. voiced sound 6. context 7. consonant 8. binary division 9. interlanguage 10 inversion 11. functional grammar 12. conceptual meaning 13. content word 14. computer-assisted learning 15. comparative degree VI. Filling the following blanks with a proper word, one word for each blank. (20X1’= 20 points) 第 5 页 共 3 页

1. All languages have three major components: a sound system, system of lexicogrammar and a system of _______. 2. The features that define our human languages can be called _____ features. 3. The _______ function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at the launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies. 4. We can use the word book to talk about a book, and we can also use the expression the word book to talk about the sign “book” itself. Such a function can be called the _______function of language. 5. The branch of linguistics about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences is called ______. 6. IPA is the short form for International Phonetic ________. 7. The consonant [p] can be described as voiceless bilabial _____. 8. A(n) _________ is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning. 9. A syllable must have a nucleus or _____, which is often the task of a vowel. 10. The word follow is a variable word, while the word since is a(n) ______ one. 11. ______ is the smallest component of meaning. 12. Word Trade Organization can be written into WTO for short. Words that form this way are called _______. 13. The infinitive structure used in I have tried to consciously stop, worrying about it is called ______ infinitive. 14. I met a man who had a son whose wife sold cookies that she had baked in her kitchen that was fully equipped with electrical appliances that were new. In the sentence above, the rule that govern the repetitive use of clauses is called _______. 15. _____ is a single element of structure containing more than one word, and lacking the subject-predicate structure typical of clauses. 16. Textual cohesiveness can be realized by employing various cohesive devices: conjunction, ellipsis, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, reference, and ____, etc. 17. As far as meaning goes, what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis is called ______ meaning. 18. _______ antonymy can be found in antonyms like alive: dead, male: female, present: absent. 19. As far as the Cooperative Principle goes, the utterance Peter is a lion violates the _______ maxim. 20. Corpus linguistics distinguishes four common types of corpora: general corpora, ________ corpora, sample corpora, and monitor corpora. 第 6 页 共 3 页

VII. Explain the following terms. (4X5’=20 points) 1. 2. 3. 4. subordination the Referential Theory the London School pragmatics XIII. Answer the following questions. (2X10’=20 points) 1. What does ENDOCENTRIC construction mean? Give examples to make this clear. 2. How do you understand cohesion? 第 7 页 共 3 页