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2009年硕士研究生入学考试“基础英语（专业综合）”

参考答案及评分标准

Section One ADVANCED ENGLISH

1. Explain each of the following cultural terms briefly. (15%)

1. Great Lakes: Group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.

2. Game theory: A mathematical theory of transactions developed by John Von Neumann. He called this theory, which has important applications in economic, diplomacy, and national defense, “game theory”. Even though they are serious, however, the games are often so intricate and their rules so strange that the game becomes overtly playful.

3. Fundamentalism: A usually religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles, by rigid adherence to those principles, and often by intolerance of other views and opposition to secularism. Christian fundamentalism is based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals.

4. Newsweek: An American news weekly established in Dayton, Ohio in 1933. In it domestic and international news is summarized, analyzed and categorized according to topics each week. It also has special sections devoted to arts, science, medicine, sports, etc. It is one of the three largest news weeklies of America and has a wide domestic and international circulation.

5. The Salvation Army: A Protestant religious body devoted to the conversion of, and social work among the poor, and characterized by use of military titles, uniforms, etc. It was founded in 1878 by “General” Booth in London; now worldwide in operation.

II. Identify the figures of speech used in the following underlined parts

of the sentences. (10%)

1. Antithesis

2. Transferred epithet

3. Hyperbole

4. Metaphor

5. Personification

III. Vocabulary (10%)

1