2018年天津商业大学外国语学院804语言学及翻译之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题
● 摘要
一、Multiple-Choice
1． Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as（ ）.
A.interference
B.interlanguage
C.fossilization
D.acculturation
【答案】A
【解析】语言学习者在学习第二语言时，难免受到母语的种种影响。其中有正面的影响，称作正迁移，也有负 面的影响，称作负迁移或者干扰。
2． The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of（ ）.
A.function
B.meaning
C.signs
D.system
【答案】A
【解析】布拉格学派将语言看作是在所属语言群体中发挥一系列功能的工具，这是其对语言学界的一大贡献。
3． According to the componential analysis, the words “boy ” and “man ” differ in the feature of（ ）.
A.HUMAN
B.ANIMATE
C.MALE
D.ADULT
【答案】D
【解析】男孩和男人的主要区别是男孩是孩子，男人是成人。他们都是“人，有生命的，男性”。因此，本题的正确答案为D 。
4． Speech Act theory was originated with（ ）.
A.Saussure
B.Bloomfield
C.Austin
D.Firth
【答案】C
【解析】言语行为理论是20世纪50年代后期英国哲学家John Austin首先提出的。因此，本题的正确答案为C 。
二、Fill-in-the-blanks
5． Terms like “rolling pin” and “ladle ” are_____ of the term “kitchen implements”.
【答案】hyponyms
【解析】“擀面杖”和“勺子”都属于“厨房用具”的下义词。
6． The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is L. Bloomfield, whose book ______（1933） was once held as the model of scientific methodology.
【答案】 Language
【解析】布龙菲尔德是描述语言学的主要代表，他的著作《语言》曾被当做科学方法的典范。
7． There are two fields of morphology: the study of_____and the study of_____.
【答案】inflectional ; derivational
【解析】在形态学中，有两大主要研究方面，一是词的屈折变化，一是词的派生。
8． In English there are a number of_____, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.
【答案】Diphthongs
【解析】如果在发音时通过舌头的一次运动，由第一个单元音滑向第二个单元音，这样产生的音的组合就叫做双元音。
三、Short-answer-questions
9． Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice’s Cooperative Principle
A : Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?
B : I often hear classical music, especially, the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No.9 is my favorite.
【答案】 B has obviously violated Maxim of Relation: A was asking B’s opinion about a particular popular song , but B’s response was actually about classical music. By such a violation , B probably wanted to imply that he did not like that popular song.
10．How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the actions performed by the speakers?
Carol : Are you coming to the party tonight?
Lara : I've got an exam tomorrow.
【答案】 In this short exchange, obviously Lara breaks the maxim of relation of CP by talking about something totally irrelevant with CaroFs question. However , we can understand her meaning
perfectly. Lara is conveying an indirect meaning by giving out an utterance containing a conversational implicative. Her aim is to refuse Carol’s invitation in a polite and less harsh manner.
四、Synthesis
11．Find the sources of the following blends. In cases where the dictionary does not provide the answer , your own ingenuity will be your guide.
（a ） bash （b ） smash （c ） glimmer （d ） flimmer
（e ） clash （f ） flare （g ） brunch （h ） motel
（i ） transistor （j ） medicare （k ） workaholic
（1） spam （m ） telethon （n ） aerobicise
（o ） chunnel （p ） chortle （q ） bit
（r ） modem （s ） guestimate （t ） threepeat
【答案】（a ）bat and mash （b ）smack and mash （c ）gleam and shimmer
（d ）flame and glimmer （e ）clap and crash （f ）flame and glare
（g ）breakfast and lunch （h ）motor and hotel （i ）transfer and resistor
（j ）medical and care （k ）work and alcoholic （1）spiced and ham
（m ） telephone and marathon （n ） aerobics and exercise （o ） channel and tunnel （p ） chuckle and snort （q ） binary and digit （r ） modulator and demodulator （s ） guess and estimate （ t ） three and repeat
12．Consult at least four introductory linguistics textbooks （not dictionaries ），and copy the definitions of “ language” that each gives. After carefully comparing the definitions, write a paper discussing which points recur and explaining the significance of the similarities and differences among the definitions.
【答案】 All the definitions should not exclude the description of design features that have been mentioned in this course book. Also it will be better if other design features, say, interchangeability or cultural transmission is included. But it seems impossible to give an unimpeachable definition on language , because the facets people want to emphasize are seldom unanimous. To compare several definitions can make you realize where the argument is.