2018年北京第二外国语学院英语学院811综合考试(英1)之语言学教程考研核心题库
● 摘要
一、Multiple-Choice
1． “Formal ” and “informal ” are features of（ ）.
A slang
B lingua franca
C style
D jargon
【答案】C
【解析】风格一般有正式与非正式之分。
2． The criterion used in IC analysis is（ ）.
A.transformation
B.conjoining
C.grouping
D.substitutability
【答案】D
【解析】直接成分分析法的标准：替换性。看一个词语的序列是否可以被一个单词替换而结构保持不变。
3． In the following sentences, which is not a metonymy?（ ）
A. The sax has the flu today.
B.Watergate changed American politics.
C.Wall Street is in a panic.
D.She is the apple in her parents’ eyes.
【答案】D
【解析】其他三句为转喻，D 为暗语。
4． Bywe mean language is resourceful because of its duality and recursiveness.（ ）
A.arbitrariness
B.duality
C.creativity
D.displacement
【答案】C
【解析】创造性指语言的能产性，它能够使人造出和理解无穷的长句，其中很多句子是以前从未听过的。
5． The vowelis a low back vowel.（ ） A. B. C. D.
【答案】D 【解析】是低元音，后元音，紧音。
6． Which of following words does NOT contain the inflectional affix?（ ）
A.Cares.
B.Careful.
C.Faster.
D.Books.
【答案】B
【解析】屈折变化指粘着词素，主要用于语法方面：时态、第三人称单数、格、比较级和最高级等。careful 属于派生词。因此，本题的正确答案为B 。
二、Short-answer-questions
7． What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?
【答案】 Morphophoneme refers to the phoneme （or string of phonemes ） that constitutes the various allomorphs of a morpheme.
Relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme : Generally speaking , the concept of morphophoneme adds a grammatical meaning to the concept of phoneme. For example , as to the phoneme /s/, it is in fact a configuration of allomorphs of different morphemes , such as the plural morpheme and the 3rd person present simple morpheme. Therefore, we would regard this phoneme as a morphophoneme , represented as /s/.
8． What is free variation?
【答案】 Free variation is a linguistic term used both in phonology and sociolinguistics. In phonology , if two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast. For example ，the substitution of one for the other does not generate a new word but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, the two sounds are said to be in “free variation”.
For instance，both either and direction are pronounced differently in British English and American English without changing their meaning, which are often caused by the regional differences.
9． What is the relationship between tree diagrams and structural ambiguity?
【答案】 In a theory of syntax using tree diagrams （phrase markers ） to represent syntactic structure , the explanation of the phenomenon of structural ambiguity is straightforward : whereas an unambiguous sentence is associated with just one basic tree diagram, a structurally ambiguous sentence is associated with more than one basic tree diagram.
10．Write the international phonetic alphabet for the following words.
（1） hypothesis （2） academician （3）verbatim （4） technique （5） capacity （6） standardize （7）guarantee （8） paradigm （9） primarily （10） rhetoric （11）procedure （12） originate
【答案】（1）
（5）
（9）
（6） （10） （2） （7） （11
） （3） （8） （12） （4）
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