惩罚是指为减少或消除某种不良行为再次出现的可能性而在此行为发生后所跟随的不愉快事件。
试述发酵对食品品质的影响。
Majored Finance
An increase in students （11）to study economics at university is being attributed to （归因于）the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the（12）system works.
Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January， according to UCAS， the
Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A（13）for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.
Professor John Beath， the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University， said his first-year lectures—which are open to students from all departments—were （14）crowds of 400， rather than the usual 250.
"There are a large number of students who are not （15）majors， who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary （16）in a way that one hasn't traditionally done，" he added.
University applications rose 7% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump， with people's renewed interest in （17）in the public sector （部门） ，which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.
A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents （18）schools should do more to teach pupils about financial
matters， and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on， although a （19）of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.
Zack Hocking， the head of child trust funds， said： "It's possible that one good thing to（20）from the downturn will be a generation that's financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty."
14.（） financial。 applying。 careers。 minority。 drawing。 economics。 believed。 purpose。 spokesman。 events。 events。 professional。
在经典性条件作用理论的直接影响下，程序教学与机器教学风靡全球，成为20世纪第一次世界性的教学改革运动。
康熙年间的堂名款可以分为哪几类。
个体心理总是由低级心理机能向高级心理机能发展，遵循自身内在的规律，同时不同心理系统在发展速度、发展水平和发生时间上也不相同，这说明个体心理发展具有以下（）特征。
