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南京农业大学

2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

试题编号：326 试题名称：基础英语 注意：答题（含填空）一律答在答题纸上，答在草稿纸或试卷上一律无效

试 卷 一

Part I Reading Comprehension (two points each ,40 points))

Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by twenty multiple-choices. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answer in your Answer Sheet.

Text A

“Partnership” between government and private business is much in vogue. Bill Clinton, for one, is all for it. Government should not seek to displace private enterprise, he says, but strive to help it work better. And government has much to learn from business: if bureaucracies can be confronted with some of the incentives and disciplines that work in the private sector, they too can become more efficient..

Britain’s Conservative government has said similar things for years---admittedly, with more emphasis on what government learn from private enterprise than on what the state can do for business. So widely has this notion of partnership spread that Britain’s Labour Party, which has traditionally seen the private sector as an obstacle to success, is suddenly an enthusiastic believer. It has published a document on “promoting a partnership between public and private finance”, arguing that private capital should be used, to an even greater extent than already envisaged by the Tory government, to pay for investment in public infrastructure—which, in the Labour Party’s view, means not merely roads and bridges but also “social infrastructure” such as “Child –care facilities.”

In Britain, as in America and many other industrial countries, this particular form of partnership---the use of private capital for public investment—is proving especially beguiling. Unfortunately, this is so mainly for bad reasons. Before a suspiciously broad consensus moves too far from speech-making to action, and a policy that seems to offer something to everyone goes wrong, some careful thinking is called for.

The main bad reason for proposing this new financial partnership is that it makes for convenient bookkeeping---so much so that all sorts of apparently worthwhile investments start to look costless. The argument, at its crudest, goes as follows. The country plainly needs a new road. The government could build it---but how would it meet the cost? Higher taxes would be unpopular. That leaves borrowing. There are good reasons to pay for an investment---which yields its benefits over many years---by borrowing over a span of time. But another difficulty arises: most industrial-country governments are already borrowing too much. The governments of Britain and America are both struggling to cut their financial deficits. Adding to public borrowing looks out

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