2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题
● 摘要
目录
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（一） ... 2
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（二） ... 4
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（三） ... 6
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（四） ... 8 2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（五） . 10
一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms
1． Lexical word
【答案】 Lexical word, lexical words are also called content words, referring to those which have lexical meanings, that is, those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives , and adverbs.
2． Register
【答案】 It is a speech variety used by a particular group of people , usually sharing the same occupation （e.g. doctors, lawyers） or the same interests. A particular register often distinguishes itself from others by having a number of distinctive words, by using words or phrases in a particular way, and sometimes by special grammatical constructions （e.g. legal language）.
3． Cross-cultural communication
【答案】 Cross-cultural communication is an exchange of ideas , information , etc , between persons from different cultural backgrounds. The cultural conventions of the participants may widely different , and misinterpretation and misunderstanding can easily arise , even leading to a total communication breakdown.
4． Semantic field
【答案】 It is the organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another. For example, kinship terms such as father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt belong to a semantic field whose relevant features include generation , sex , membership of the father's or mother's side of the family.
5． distinctive features
a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular 【答案】
aspects of language sounds , first suggested by Roman Jacobson in the 1940s and then developed by numerous other people.
二、True-or-false
6． In the sentence “Money is often said to be the root of all evil ”，“root ” is used in its conceptual meaning.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】这里的“mot”是用了它的联想意义中的内涵义，不是概念意义。
7． All words contain a root morpheme.（ ）
【答案】T
【解析】所有的词都必须有词根。
8． According to the innateness hypothesis, infants are bom able to speak a language.
【答案】F
【解析】乔姆斯基的天赋假设是说，儿童与生倶来拥有一种语言学习的能力，叫做“语言习得机制”。
即儿童 天生拥有语法关系及语法范畴的知识，而不是说孩子天生就会说话。
9． Language acquisition refers to the process involved in creating and expressing meaning through language.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】语言产出是一个通过语言来表达意义的过程。
一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms
1． Back-formation
【答案】 Back formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example , the word “television” appeared before “televise”，and so does “editor” to “edit”.
2． Stem
A stem is a morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be 【答案】
added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.
3． Embedding
【答案】 It refers to the inclusion of a clause within a phrase or another clause, or of a phrase into another phrase. An example of embedded clauses is: What I do is none of your business. （Nominal clause embedded as subject of another clause）
4． figure-ground alignment
【答案】 Figure-ground alignment seems to apply to space with the ground as the prepositional object and the preposition expressing the spatial relational configuration. It also applies to human perception of moving objects. Since the moving object is typically the most prominent one, because it is moving , it is typically the figure, while the remaining stimuli constitute the ground.
5． Functional Sentence Perspective （FSP ）
【答案】 It is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to art analysis of utterances （or texts） in terms of the information they contain. The principle is that the role of each utterance part is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole.
二、True-or-false
6． Speech act theory was proposed by G. Leech.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】言语行为理论是由奥斯丁提出的。
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