膀胱输尿管反流(vesicoureteralreflux)
主动脉夹层动脉瘤在主动脉血管造影的直接征象是() ["A．主动脉壁增厚","B．多发真腔","C．溃疡样充盈缺损","D．双腔改变影像","E．主动脉瓣关闭不全"]
肾外症状性肾炎(symptomaticglomerulonephritisofoutsidethekidney)
心脏起搏术的并发症中哪项为手术操作或人为因素引起的() ["A．膈肌及胸腹肌肉抽动","B．术后起搏器局部皮肤破溃坏死","C．由于心脏扩大，电极前端出现移位、脱位","D．起搏器综合征","E．术中心脏穿孔"]
肾病复发(nephrosisrelapse)
高凝状态(hypercoagulabalestate)
