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中山大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

科目代码：453

科目名称：语言学概论

参考答案：

I.

1. elite/ 　　　　　　　/ 2. chimney /　　　　　　　/

3. sacrifice / 　　　　　　　　　　 / 4.hierachry / 　　　　　　　　　　/

5. agenda/ 　　　　　　　　 / 6. chaotic /　　　　　　　　/

7.wrestle/´　　　　/ 8 pamphlet /´　　　　　　　/

9.Greenwich / 　　　　　　　　 / 10. amour/　　　　　

II.

1.sociolinguistics

2.complementary distribution

3. assimilation

4.case

5. contrastive

6.behaviourism

7. Relevance

8. The Meaning of Meaning

9. Noam Chomsky

10. potential

11.referential

12. Firth

13. proficiency

14.compositionality

15. J.R. Firth

III.

1. Prescriptive grammar is a grammar which states rules for what is considered the best or most correct usage. It is often based not on descriptions of actual usage but rather on the grammarian’s views of what is best.

2. Back formation refers to an abnormal type of words-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix form a longer form already in the language.

3. Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition for example. It also studies language development in the child, such as the theories of language acquisition; biological foundations of language; and the relationship between language and cognition.

4. According to Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines our thinking patterns; similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. This is referred to as linguistic relativity.