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华中师范大学城环学院自然地理专业2003年硕士研究生复试试题

华中师范大学城环学院自然地理专业

2003年硕士研究生复试试题

(请于6月1日前用特快专递寄武汉市华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院方毅收<430079> 电话027-67868305)

一、 地球运动有哪些地理意义？（16分）

二、 季风对我国东部降水有何影响？（16分）

三、 地球水循环与人类水资源供应有何联系？（16分）

四、 生态因子怎样影响生物种群增长？（16分）

五、 人类活动对地理环境变化有何影响？（16分）

六、英译汉(20分)

*注意：1 括号中系有下划线的词或短语对应的中文含义；

2 人名（黑体）不必译成中文。

Ecological Economics and Sustainability

Perhaps the most salient（突出的，显著的） contribution of ecological economics is its challenge to many of the fundamental precepts（戒律，格言） of neoclassical（新古典主义的） economic theory. In the view advocated by ecological economists, an economy is a ‘one-way entropic throughput of energy and materials（耗散过程）’ as opposed to the neoclassical view of a circular flow of exchange v alue without any explicit links to the biophysical world. The central aim of ecological economics involves describing the relationship between ‘dynamic human economic systems and larger dynamic, but normally slower-changing ecological systems’. In its normative（标准的，规范的） sense, this relationship envisions a socio-ecological context wherein ‘(1) human life can continue indefinitely,

(2) human individuals can flourish（充分发展）, and (3) human cultures can develop ; but in which effects of human activities remain within bounds, so as not to destroy the diversity, complexity, and function of the ecological life support system’. With few variants（变体，变种）, the themes implicit in this definition – intergenerational equity, meeting basic human needs and integrating concern for ecological processes into economic calculations – have remained the fundamental building blocks of ecological economics.