2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题
● 摘要
目录
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（一） ... 2
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（二） ... 4
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（三） ... 6
2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（四） ... 8 2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（五） . 10
一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms
1． grammatical word
【答案】 It refers to those which mainly work for constructing group , phrase , clause , clause complex , or even text , such as , conjunctions , prepositions , articles , and pronouns. Grammatical words serve to link together different content parts. So they are also known as Function Words.
2． Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
【答案】 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts : linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around , they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine peopled thinking and behavior ; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far , many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.
3． Applied linguistics
【答案】 It is a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics in reality. For example , there are studies on multilingualism, language acquisition, first and second language teaching and learning.
4． Construal and construal operations
【答案】Construal is the competence to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point, figure-ground segregation etc. Construal operations are conceptualizing processes applied in language process by human beings. That is, construal operations are the underlying psychological processes and resources employed in the interpretation of linguistic expressions.
5． Hyponymy
Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and 【答案】
a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordiante, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example , the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.
二、True-or-false
6． Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】拟声词表明语言并不是完全任意的，一些拟声词的发音与其意义还是有一定联系的。
7． The ability to learn a second language as an adult may vary considerably between individuals. （ ）
【答案】T
【解析】不同的个体有不同的学习环境，并且他们的学习能力也会受到学习动机和个人爱好的影
响。
8． Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】语言的改变并不是任意的，而是遵循社会规律的。
9． By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.（ ）
【答案】T
【解析】历时研究是指研究语言的变化和发展。
一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms
1． Corpus
【答案】 Corpus is a collection of linguistic data , either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. The main purpose of a corpus is to verify a hypothesis about language~~for example , to determine how the application of a particular sound , word , or syntactic construction varies.
2． Foregrounding
【答案】 This term is meant for what is unusual, attractive, unconventional, salient. In literature, foregrounding is often achieved through unconventional expressions which attract the readers9 attention. The main manifestations of foregrounding are deviation and parallelism.
3． Achievement test
【答案】 Achievement test is a test which measures how much of a language someone has learned with reference to a particular course of study or program of instruction.
4． CMC
【答案】 It is computer-mediated communication , distinguished by its focus on language and language use in computer networked environments, and by its use of methods of discourse analysis to address that focus.
5． Glottal Stop
【答案】 V ocal tract is composed of oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharynx. When the vocal folds are totally closed, no air can pass between them. The result of this gesture is the glottal stop.
二、True-or-false
6． All roots are free and all affixes are bound.（ ）
【答案】F
【解析】词根可分为自由词根和黏着词根，所以并不是所有的词根都是自由词根。
7． Structural metaphor means that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for ways of viewing events， activities , emotions, ideas, etc., as entities and substances.（ ）
【答案】F
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