当前位置：问答库＞考研试题

二 O 一三年招收硕士研究生入学考试试题 考试科目代码及科目名称： 620 专业综合 （B 卷） 答题内容写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效考完后试题随答题纸交回。 (本试卷由 A, B 两部分构成；选择题的答案，请考生在答题册上先标明大题，然后再按小题顺 序写出小题的阿拉伯数字及相应的最佳答案的字母代号， 请安五个答案为一组的方式写出， 即 最开始的 5 个答案写在同一排，接着的 5 个答案写在下一排，依此类推，直至写完。) 考试时间 3 小时，总分值 150 分。 姓名： Part A: Basic English I. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. (40X1’=40 points) 1. Wrapped in her problems, Mary was ____ to her surroundings. A. stunning B arresting C. oblivious D. obsolete 2. Molecules repel each other when they ______. A. collide B. disrupt C. hover D. slash 3. He used to _____, but he did exercises to make his shoulder straight. A. stoop B. totter C. stand off D. slam 4. I _____ with the speaker in condemning what has been done. A. dandify B. hurl C. wring D. concur 5. Those hotels _____ foreign tourists, especially those from the U. S. A. beam with B. astound C. cater to D. obsess 6. He ____ the loss of his deer friend. A. revered B. deplored C. lynched D. succumbed 7. He is sensible and ____, with a considerable fund of humor. A. shrewd B. forlorn C. rampant D. sweltering 8. One evening he came and ____ to me that he had spent five years in prison. A. mused B. ululated C. confided D. teetered 9. He is in _____ of his life. A. lore B. peril C. birch D. nit 10. The resolution was approved in the UN Assembly by an ____ majority. A. slashing B. mooring C. inquisitive D. overwhelming 11. Seeing the people’s _____, he knelt down and prayed. A. plight B. chant C. stalk D. pomegranate 12. His mother ___ him in pocket money. A. delved B. convicted C. indulged D. rendered 准考证号码： 报考专业： 密 封 线 内 不 要 写 题 第 1 页 共 4 页

13. What medicine did the doctor ___ for your illness? A. forge B. prescribe C. invoke D. eradicate 14. Mike had prepared some ____ questions for the discussion. A. penetrating B. incredulous C. flaccid D. contrite 15. A ___ is a small stream. A. runnel B. maze C. mosque D. façade 16. The king gave a _____ banquet. A. sumptuous B. heinous C. genetic D. translucent 17. It is a(n) ____ in the business world that a satisfied customer is the best advertisement. A. glacier B. tundra C. axiom D. moor 18. You must not ____ while you are counting in such games as hide-and-seek. A. nibble B. lap C. slash D. peek 19. A minimal error or deviation may result in wide ______. A. prey B. divergence C. cataract D. hearth 20. The court may have to ______ on your property. A. levy B. click C. burble D. tangle 21. That kind of _____ disease has long been stamped out. A. epidemic B. colossal C. scalding D. scatching 22. Tears were flowing over his ____ face. A. fervent B. divine C. rickety D. florid 23. Don’t drop apples; they _____ easily. A. scuff B. fissure C. bruise D. immerse 24. If you ____ something that you have done, you are sorry that you did it, because it has had unpleasant results. A. rue B. pad C. crumble D. flirt 25. There was a ____ of political refugees behind the hospital. A. sanctuary B. swatch C. wrath D. shudder 26. ____ and limp describe the uneven movement of someone whose legs are injured. A. Yoke B. Stride C. Grope D. Hobble 27. Visitors and locals alike ____ along the sidewalks of the Seine River. A. rift B. mock C. meander D. delve 28. Events which ____ little at the time of occurrence often attain significance when the history of that period is written. A. eradicate B. signify C. invoke D. heed 29. Pig-______ not only improves the people’s diet; it makes more manure available. A. carriage B. breeding C. bearing D. enterprising 30. A. _____ is an unexpected event that causes great suffering or damage. A. catastrophe B. blasphemy C. proposition D. bulldozer 31. Taiwan will return to the embrace of the motherland; the whole country must be united. This is the general trend of the development and the common ____ of the people. 第 2 页 共 4 页

A. aspiration B. inspiration C. perspiration D. abomination 32. Most people would ___ at the sight of snake. A. swing B. recoil C. snarl D. grope 33. If British business is to have a successful future, companies must establish a firm ____ in Europe. A. forbearance B. admixture C. scruple D. foothold 34. The garden was a ______ of beautiful flowers and sweet ordors. A. trickle B. fairyland C. pulp D. bazaar 35. Among the following four sentences, _____ is used informally A. Bill speaks French more fluently than me. B. He spoke in a confident manner. C. A wolf, after all, is a wolf in spite of its artful disguises. D. With what did you write it? 36. Among the following four sentences, _____ is not used in spoken English. A. Jane is a sweet little thing. B. I’ve walked so much today my dogs are really killing me. C. We’ve been pals for years. D. Being a farmer, he was obliged to rise early. 37. The capital city of New York State is _____. A. New York City B. Albany C. Philadelphia D. Atlanta 38. ____ is the colorful dialect spoken in the East End of London. A. Cockney B. Cantonese C. Pidgin English D. Sanscrit 39. In the sentence The doctor cut me open yesterday, _____ is used. A. metonymy B. synecdoche C. litotes D. metaphor 40. In the sentence Waves high as mountains broke over the reef, _____ is used. A. allusion B. alliteration C. hyperbole D. personification II. Paraphrase the following sentences. (2’ X 6 + 3’ X 1 =15 points) 41. Much of Britain’s liner fleet rarely sees a British port. 42. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. 43. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. 44. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. 45. I thought somehow I had been spared. 46. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef. 47. Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information. III. Reading Comprehension There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the 第 3 页 共 4 页

best choice. (2’ X 10 = 20 points) Passage 1 By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all. Most people regard snake bites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures. All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close. The effect of a bit varies considerably. It depend upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison. Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness. 48. Adders are most likely to be found _________. A. in wilder parts of Britain and Ireland B. in Scotland and nowhere else C. on uncultivated land throughout Britain D. in shady fields in England 49. If you are with someone who is bitten by an adder you should ________. A. try to catch the adder B. make no attempt to treat the bite C. not worry about the victim D. operate as soon as possible 50. We are told that adders are ______ . A. normally friendly towards people B. unlikely to bite except in self-defense C. aggressive towards anyone in their territory D. no afraid of human beings 51. If an adder hears you approaching it will usually _____. A. move out of your path B. take no notice of you at all 第 4 页 共 4 页

C. disappear very quickly D. wait until you are close, and then attack 52. We are told that in general British people think snakes are ____. A. not very common in Britain B. usually harmless C. more dangerous than they usually are D. unlikely to kill people by their bite Passage 2 Through a series of experiments an American scientist has obtained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ant examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ant can be divided into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs. The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest. To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size-group. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it. The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ant were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed. 53. In which way are the ants different from other nonhuman societies? A. They do not need to search for food. B. They do not need to look for shelter. C. Individuals vary in social status. D. Individuals perform different functions. 54. It seems that smaller ants perform more of the ______ . A. construction tasks B. domestic tasks C. defensive work D. heavy work 55. “Good” (first line of the third paragraph) refers to the ants’ _______. A. co-operation in working B. sense of responsibility C. efficiency in working D. willingness to work hard 第 5 页 共 4 页

56. The scientist’s work was based on ________. A. occasional observations B. systematic observations C. observations of several nests D. observations of an undisturbed nest. 57. The organization of the ants has the effect of ____________. A. getting the most work done B. dividing the work up systematically C. each ant helping with all the tasks D. each ant doing what it can do best Part B: Linguistics IV. In this part, you are given thirty-five incomplete statements. Please mark the choice that best completes each statement. (1’ X 30 = 30 points) 58. Which of the following is NOT true? ____ A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form. C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized. D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in. 59. Alive and dead are ______. A. gradable antonyms B. converse antonyms C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above 60. If we have X and Y which have the semantic features as X [+A] [+B] [+C]; Y [+A] [+B] [+C], then we say that X and Y are ____. A. synonyms B. antonyms C hyponyms D. one word 61. ____ studies the internal structure of simple propositions. A. Semantic calculus B. Propositional logic C. Predicate calculus D. Sentential logic 62. ____ is an unmarked word. A. Bad B. Low C. Old D. Short 63. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _____ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context 64. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) ____. A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive 65. ___ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act 66. _____ is advanced by Paul Grice. A. Cooperative Principle B. Politeness Principle C. The General Principle of Universal Grammar D. Adjacency Principle 第 6 页 共 4 页

67. Which book became the most important source of Saussure’s ideas and of his influence upon succeeding generations of linguists? _______ A. Course in General Linguistics. B. Coral Gardens and Their Magic. C. Handbook of American Indian Language. D. Language 68. In general, linguistic change in ____ of a language is more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar. A. the sound system B. the vocabulary C. the syntax D. the sound system and the vocabulary 69. That language may determine our thinking patterns is ______. A. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis B. Chomsky’s Language Innateness C. Grice’s Non-Conventionality D. Corder’s Interlanguage 70. Language acquisition is concerned with language development in ______. A. human beings B. animals C. both human being and animals D. none of these 71. A linguistic ___ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use. A. slang B. euphemism C. jargon D. taboo 72. Computational linguistics can be seen as a branch of ____ linguistics. A. applied B. corpus C. statistical D. historical 73. Of the following four words, _____ is entirely arbitrary. A. tree B. typewriter C. bowwow D. bang 74. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists here and now. it couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates that dog’s language does not have the feature of ______. A. reference B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 75. We can understand and produce an infinitely large number of sentence including sentences we never heard before, because language is _____. A. creative B. arbitrary C. limitless D. resourceful 76. ____ is concerned with the internal organization of words. A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Semantics D. Phonology 77. In ____ phonetics, we investigate the properties of the sound waves. A. articulatory B. acoustic C. auditory d. sound 78. The study to discover how speech sound in a language form patterns should be included in ____. A. phonetics B. phonology C. articulatory phonetics D. acoustic phonetics 79. Among the following words, ____ does not contain a bilabial sound. A. my B. you C. buy D. pie 第 7 页 共 4 页

80. Among the following words, ____ does no form a minimal pair with the sound of the word high. A. buy B. foe C. lie D. shy 81. In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ___. A. grammatical words and lexical words B. content words and lexical words C. grammatical words and function words D. pro-forms and auxiliaries 82. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called ____ morpheme. A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational 83. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by ______. A. blending B. clipping C. back-formation D. acronymy 84. In the word carelessness, careless is _____. A. a suffix B. a root C. a stem D. a prefix 85. New words and expressions can be creatd through the following processes EXCEPT _____. A. blending B. convention C. analogy D. back-formation 86. The sentence They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves is a ___ sentence. A. simple B. coordinate C. compound D. complex 87. Which of the following italic parts is NOT an idiom? _____ A. How do you do? B. How did you do? C. He went to it hammer and tongs. D. They kept tabs on the Russian spy. V. Explain the following terms. (4X5’=20 points) 88. inflection 89. Semantics 90. Reference 91. competence VI. Answer the following questions, supporting your arguments with necessary examples. (12 + 13 = 25 points) 92. How do you understand the concepts of closed-class words and open-class words? (12 points ) 93. Do you agree that pragmatics is to explain how we mean more than we say? (13 points) 第 8 页 共 4 页