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[单选] 学生小谭写作业的速度比较慢,做作业时注意力不集中,而且注意力很容易被其他轻微刺激所吸引,妈妈为此非常苦恼。这时,我们定出的目标行为是:提高孩子做作业的速度和质量。我们在孩子做作业的地方放上一个钟,让孩子时刻注意到自己做作业的速度,在孩子的手腕上套上一个皮筋,让孩子对自己做好自我督促和惩罚。第一周内每次提前十分钟,给予孩子喜欢的增强物;第二周内要求必须在几点之前(十点)完成所有家庭作业,然后才给予强化;后面要求继续提高,直到孩子做作业的速度达到普通学生做作业的速度。经过一段时间的坚持,孩子的作业速度大大提高,而且一回家就专心地完成作业,不再需要家长的督促和管理。我们采用的方法属于()

A . 示范法
B . 强化法
C . 行为塑造法
D . 自我控制法

碳的反应性是指焦碳与()等进行化学反应的能力。 CO2。 铁矿石。 碱金属。 硫化物。 社会资本扩大再生产的实现条件是()。 Ⅰ(v+m)=Ⅱc。 Ⅰ(v+m)>Ⅱc。 Ⅰ(c+v+m)=Ⅰ(c+Δv)+Ⅱ(c+Δv)。 Ⅰ(v+Δv+m/x)=Ⅱ(c+Δc)。 Ⅱ(c+v+m)=Ⅰ(v+Δv+m/x)+Ⅱ(v+Δv+m/x)。 城建监察目的是什么? Materials and Tools for Language Learning ① The range of materials and tools available to help you with your language studies is huge, from dictionaries to language courses. All of them can help you in different ways, and the appropriate use of these materials and courses will make your language learning much easier and more effective. ② Possibly the most useful tools there are for learning a language are dictionaries. Dictionaries come in a number of formats including bilingual, monolingual, illustrated, electronic and online. Bilingual dictionaries are perhaps the most useful ones for beginners and intermediate learners, while monolingual dictionaries, which are designed for native speakers, are also useful for advanced learners. Pocket dictionaries are good for quick reference and easy to carry around. Larger dictionaries are better if you want more definitions, examples of usage, and information about pronunciation, and grammar. Electronic dictionaries are available as handheld units, or as software. Handheld ones are portable, easy and quick to search, and often provide other functions, such as, text-to-speech, voice recognition and speech synthesis organizers, address books. They tend to be rather expensive though. Software dictionaries offer many of the same functions, and can be used on computers, and mobile phones. ③ The traditional courses tend to consist of textbooks containing dialogues, exercises, notes on grammar, and maybe cultural information. Accompanying cassettes, CDs and/or mp3s are often available. Most such courses are intended for complete beginners or people with only minimal knowledge of the language. Intermediate and advanced-level courses are available for some of the popular languages, such as French, German, Italian and Spanish. ④ Audio courses usually consist solely of cassettes or CDs, though some may also include a limited amount of printed material. All dialogues, exercises, instructions and explanations are recorded and the focus of these courses is teaching you to understand and speak the languages. They are very good at teaching you authentic pronunciation and a manageable amount of vocabulary. ⑤ Various computer-aided courses are available on CD-ROMs and DVDs. Each course is different but they generally include dialogues, audio, exercises and tests. Some also include phrasebooks, dictionaries, videos, games and provide online and/or telephone support. 1.Paragraph①() 2.Paragraph②() 3.Paragraph③() 4.Paragraph④() 5.Paragraph⑤() A. What is the function of audio courses? B. What is the function of flash cards? C. What is the function of traditional courses? D. What are the most useful tools for language learning? E. What is the function of computer-aided courses? F. What can help you a lot with your language learning? 下列选项正确的是()。 F、D、C、A、E。 C、D、F、A、B。 F、B、D、A、E。 C、F、B、E、D。 掏槽眼应比其它炮眼深()。 100~150mm;。 200~300mm;。 300~400mm。 400~500mm。 学生小谭写作业的速度比较慢,做作业时注意力不集中,而且注意力很容易被其他轻微刺激所吸引,妈妈为此非常苦恼。这时,我们定出的目标行为是:提高孩子做作业的速度和质量。我们在孩子做作业的地方放上一个钟,让孩子时刻注意到自己做作业的速度,在孩子的手腕上套上一个皮筋,让孩子对自己做好自我督促和惩罚。第一周内每次提前十分钟,给予孩子喜欢的增强物;第二周内要求必须在几点之前(十点)完成所有家庭作业,然后才给予强化;后面要求继续提高,直到孩子做作业的速度达到普通学生做作业的速度。经过一段时间的坚持,孩子的作业速度大大提高,而且一回家就专心地完成作业,不再需要家长的督促和管理。我们采用的方法属于()
参考答案:

  参考解析

根据材料中陈述的内容,我们可以发现小谭的妈妈通过一步步的强化趋近于快速准确完成家庭作业的行为,最终帮助小谭养成了主动完成家庭作业的好习惯。这其实就是改变不良行为方法中的行为塑造法。A项,示范法是观察、模仿教师呈现的范例或榜样,它是学生社会行为学习的重要方式。模仿学习的机制是替代强化。由于范例的不同,示范法有以下几种情况:辅导教师的示范,他人提供的示范,电视、录像、有关读物提供的示范,角色的示范等。强化法是指一个行为发生后,如果紧跟着一个强化刺激,这个行为就可能再一次发生。它强调通过一定刺激物的呈现后撤销或促进学生形成某种特定反应的方法。自我控制是指让学生自己运用学习原理,进行自我分析、监督、强化和惩罚,以改善自身的行为。它强调学生的个人责任感,增加了改善行为的练习时间。在解答本题时考生可能存在的问题是不能区分B项和C项。从操作和作用机制来讲,行为塑造法就是通过强化法来实现的,但是行为塑造法是更加复杂的对强化法的应用,强化法是针对某个单纯行为的单一性活动,而行为塑造法是通过对不断趋近目标的方法进行的复杂的强化过程。题中所描述的方法更符合行为塑造法的特点。

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